Conspiracy beliefs have been linked to perceptions of collective victimhood. We adopt an individual perspective on victimhood
by investigating the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and the individual disposition to perceive and react to injustice as a
victim, i.e., victim justice sensitivity (VJS). Data from two German samples (Ns = 370, 373) indicated a positive association between
VJS and conspiracy mentality beyond conceptually related covariates (e.g., mistrust). In a multinational sample from 15 countries
(N = 14,978), VJS was positively associated with both general and specific conspiracy beliefs (about vaccines and climate change) within countries, though these associations varied across countries. However, economic, sociopolitical and cultural country-level
factors that might explain the cross-country variability (e.g., GDP, Human Freedom Index, individualism–collectivism), including
indices of collective exposure to direct violence, did not moderate the studied associations. Future research should investigate the
relationship between victimhood and conspiracy beliefs, considering both intraindividual and intergroup perspectives.